• Pain measurement
    • Simple pain scales
      • Verbal rating scale (VRS)
        • Mild
        • Moderate
        • Severe
      • Numerical rating scale (NRS)
        • No pain (0) - worst pain imaginable (10)
      • Visual analogue scale (VAS)
        • Marker across a line 100mm long and read from the back
    • Pain relief scales
      • Can use the above techniques to measure relief form intervention done
    • Pain measurement in children
      • 7 yr olds can report pain as adults
      • Neonates, infants, toddlers (<3)
        • Behavioural
          • Crying
          • Facial expression
          • Physiological variables
        • Objective pain scale tool
      • Young children (3-7)
        • Simple VRS
        • Faces scale
        • Oucher scale
          • Photographs of pain faces
        • Poker chip scale
          • Each chip represents a 'piece of hurt'
    • Multidimensional pain scales
      • McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ)
        • Sensory, affective, evaluative and misc categories
      • Syndrome specific pain scales
        • Neuropathic pain scale
        • Oswestry LBP scale
      • Adjunctive measurements
        • Mood
          • Zung self rated depression scale
          • Hospital anxiety and depression (HAD) scale
        • QOL
          • Short-form 36 questionnaire
        • Pain beliefs
          • Survey of pain attitudes
    • CEACCP
      Link:ceaccp.oxfordjournals.org/content/2/1/7.full.pdf