• Classifications 3
    • BP Measurement
      • Invasive
      • Non-invasive
        • Cuff and manometer
        • Von Recklinghausen's oscillotonometer
        • Doppler USS
        • Volumetric clamp/Penaz
        • DINAMAP
    • Drugs in diabetes
      • Biguanides
      • Alpha glucosidase inhibitors
      • Insulin
      • Thiazolidinediones
      • Sulphonylureas
    • Inotropes
      • Class 1
        Increase intracellular calcium
        • Ca²⁺ ions, adrenoceptor agonists, PDE inhibitors, glucagon, digoxin
      • Class 2
        Increase calcium sensitivity
        • Levosimendan
      • Class 3
        Endocrine/metabolism
        • T3
    • Increased ICP
      • Increased CSF
        • Blockage
        • Reabsorption
        • Overproduction
      • Brain
        • Oedema
        • Tumour
        • Abscess
      • Blood
        • Haemorrhage
        • Venous obstruction
    • Treatment of raised ICP
      • Non-pharmacological
        • Ventilation avoiding PEEP
        • Drainage/debulking
        • Posture
        • Cooling
      • Pharmacological
        • Hydration
        • Vasoactive substances
        • Mannitol/hypertonic saline
        • IV agents (NMBDs, opiates, BDZ)
    • Factors affecting CBF
      • Factors affecting CPP (MAP/ICP)
      • Relating to cerebral vessels
        • Chemical (H⁺, PaCO₂, pO₂)
        • Metabolic (CMR, pyrexia, convulsions)
        • Neurogenic (SNS vasoconstriction)
      • Drugs
        • Decrease CBF
          • Thio, propofol, etomidate
        • Increase CBF
          • Volatiles, ketamine
    • Measurement of CBF
      • Fick principle (N₂O)
      • Radioactive 133Xe
      • Positron emission
      • Transcranial doppler
      • Indwelling oximetric catheters
      • Jugular bulb catheterisation
    • Monitoring ICP
      • Extradural fibre optic probe
      • SA bolt
      • EVD