- Classifications
- Anticholinergics
- Natural (eg atropine, hyoscine)
- Semisynthetic (eg homatropine, tiotropium)
- Synthetic
- Antisecretory (eg hyoscine)
- Antiparkinsonian (eg procyclidine)
- Mydriatics (eg tropicamide)
- Vasoselective (eg oxybutinin)
- Antibiotics
- Inhibit wall synthesis
- Beta lactams (penicillins, monobactams, cephalosporins, carbopenams)
- Glycopeptides
- Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
- Aminoglycosides
- Inhibit 30s ribosomal subunit
- Chloramphenicol
- Clindamycin
- Inhibits ribosomal translocation
- Fusidic acid
- Prevents turnover of elongation factor G from ribosome
- Macrolides
- Bind to 50s ribosomal unit
- Tetracyclines
- Prevent tRNA binding to ribosome
- Inhibit nucleus acid synthesis
- Metronidazole
- Nitrofurantoin
- Quinolones
- Inhibit alpha subunit of DNA gyrase so inhibits supercoiling
- Rifampicin
- Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
- Sulphonamides
- Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase (DHPS)
- Benzodiazepines
- Short T1/2 (< 12 hrs)
- Medium T1/2 (12-24 hrs)
- Long T1/2 (> 24 hrs)
- Diuretics
- Osmotic
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
- Loop diuretics
- Thiazides
- Potassium sparing
- Xanthines/aminophylline
- Dopamine
- Water/ethanol
- Demeclocycline
- Anticholinesterases
- Easily reversible inhibition (eg edrophonium)
- Carbamylated complexes (eg neostigmine, pyridostigmine)
- Irreversible inhibition (eg organophosphates)
- Anticonvulsants
- Increase GABA
- Facilitate GABA
- GABA agonists
- Inhibit GABA transaminase
- Na⁺ channels
- Block inactive fast Na⁺ channels
- Stabilise pre-synaptic Na⁺ channels
- Sympathomimetics
- Natural
- Synthetic
- Isoprenaline, ephedrine, dopexamine, metaraminol, phenylephrine