• BP Measurement
    • Intermittent, non-invasive BP measurement
      • Inflatable cuff (20% wider than arm diameter)
      • Method for determining point of SBP & DBP
      • Method for measuring pressure (A PEDALO)
        • Aneroid gauge
          • Avoids problems of mercury toxicity
        • Palpation
          • Underestimates by 25% or so
        • Electronic systems
          • E.g. DINAMAP - SBP is the point of maximal rate of increase of oscillations. Diastolic is when the rate of decrease of oscillations is maximal.
        • Doppler
          • Useful for low pressures
        • Auscultation
          • Korotkoff sounds
        • Liquid manometer
          • Measure from top of meniscus with mercury
        • Oscillotonometry
          • Von Recklinghausen's
      • Limitations
        • Cuff size, irregular pulse, external compression, tissues can be damaged, painful, limb movement may alter reading, requires artery compression so my not work with calcified vessels, difficult to measure low pressures, obesity
    • Continuous invasive BP monitoring
      • Arterial line
        • Optimal damping (0.7)
        • Critical damping (1.0)
        • Under damped (<0.7)
        • Over damped (>1.0)
    • Continuous non-invasive BP measurement
      • Penaz principle
        • Finapres - uses LED and alterations in pressure to keep the amount of light absorbed constant.
    • CEACCP
      Link:ceaccp.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/4/122.full.pdf